not less than ...; ... and over; beyond (e.g. one's expectations); above; the above; the above-mentioned
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
today; this day; these days; recently; nowadays
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
end; ending; close; end of (one's) life; death
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
language; dialect; word; phrase; speech; (manner of) speaking
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
chime; bell (e.g. doorbell)
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
to sound; to ring; to resound; to echo; to roar; to rumble
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
almost; nearly; for the most part; roughly; approximately; about
same time; simultaneous; concurrent; synchronous
lunch break; noon recess; noon rest period
to enter; to come in; to join (a club, company, etc.); to enter (a university, the army, etc.); to be contained (in); to be included (in); to (be able to) fit (in a container, building, etc.)
classroom; lecture room; department (in a university); class; lessons; school (for a particular discipline)
in the twinkling of an eye; in a flash
to be noisy; to be astir; to rustle; to murmur
to wrap up; to pack; to cover; to envelop; to conceal (a feeling); to hide
textbook; coursebook; schoolbook
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to finish; to stop; to close (a business, etc.); to close down; to put away; to put back
chair; seat; stool; post; position; seat
to sit (down); to have a seat; to be seated; to assume (a position); to take on (a duty); to occupy (a post)
as (it is); remaining (in a state); with (e.g. one's eyes closed, the light on); while (e.g. standing, alive); as (one pleases, one is told, etc.); according to
big; large; loud; extensive; spacious; important
once; one time; temporarily; for a moment; one degree; one tone
body; torso; trunk; build; physique; health
to grow long (e.g. hair, nails); to lengthen; to extend; to reach out; to hold out; to straighten; to smooth out
just barely; only just; at the very limit; at the last moment
mechanical pencil; automatic pencil; propelling pencil
to clasp; to grasp; to hold (the answer); to have (e.g. the solution); to seize (power); to hold (the reins)
to harden; to solidify; to become firm; to become certain; to gather (together); to assemble
oh!; ah!; oh dear!; good grief!; dear me!; thank God!
finally; at last; barely; narrowly; gradually; little by little
indicates a question; indicates an embedded question; indicates an indirect question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm
what would (you) do?; what to do about it
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...; wow
surroundings; environs; circumference
to look around; to survey
majority; more than half; most (of); mostly; largely; mainly
pupil; student; schoolchild
busy; hectic; hurried; rapid; quick; sudden