not less than; ... and over; beyond (e.g. one's expectations); above; above-mentioned; aforementioned
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
today; this day; these days; recently; nowadays
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
language; dialect; word; phrase; speech; (manner of) speaking
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
chime; bell (e.g. doorbell)
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to sound; to ring; to resound; to echo; to roar; to rumble
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
almost; roughly; approximately
simultaneous; concurrent; same time; synchronous; together
lunch break; noon recess; noon rest period
to enter; to go into; to break into; to join; to enroll; to contain; to hold
classroom; lecture room; department (in a university); class; lessons; school (for a particular discipline)
in the twinkling of an eye; in a flash
to be noisy; to be astir; to rustle; to murmur
to wrap up; to pack; to cover; to envelop; to conceal (a feeling); to hide
textbook; coursebook; schoolbook
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to finish; to stop; to close (a business, etc.); to close down; to put away; to put back
chair; stool; post; office; position
to sit; to squat; to assume (a position); to hold steady; to hold still
as it is; as one likes; because; condition; state
big; large; loud; extensive; spacious; important
once; one time; temporarily; for a moment; one degree; one tone
body; torso; trunk; build; physique; health
to grow long (e.g. hair, nails); to lengthen; to extend; to reach out; to hold out; to straighten; to smooth out
just barely; only just; at the very limit; at the last moment
mechanical pencil; automatic pencil
to clasp; to grasp; to hold (the answer); to have (e.g. the solution); to seize (power); to hold (the reins)
to harden; to solidify; to become firm; to become certain; to gather (together); to assemble
oh!; ah!; oh dear!; good grief!; dear me!; thank God!
finally; at last; barely; narrowly; gradually; little by little
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
what would (you) do?; what to do about it
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
surroundings; environs; circumference
to look around; to survey
majority; more than half; most (of); mostly; largely; mainly
pupil; student; schoolchild
busy; hurried; confused; flurried