well then ...; in that situation; in which case
year; counter for years (e.g. of an era), grades (e.g. school); period of an apprentice's contract (usu. ten years)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
current year (fiscal, academic, etc.)
end; conclusion; last; final; no sooner than; once
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
fullness; completion; enhancement; improvement; replenishment; repletion
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
(teacher's) platform; podium; dais
being in charge (of an area of responsibility); being responsible (for a work role, etc.)
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
explanation; exposition; description; account; caption; legend
classroom; lecture room; department (in a university); class; lessons; school (for a particular discipline)
to leave behind; to put off; to postpone
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
suddenly; abruptly; unexpectedly
here and there; all around; everywhere; to get things in the wrong order (back to front); to become muddled up
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
pupil; student; schoolchild
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
to begin; to start; to happen (again); to begin (anew); to date (from); to originate (in)
New Year's Day; New Year's morning; morning of New Year's Day
time; hour; occasion; case; chance; opportunity
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
together; at the same time; same; identical
perhaps; possibly; maybe; if; in case; in the event that
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
day; days; sun; sunshine; (the) day; daytime; date
incident; affair; happening; event
to talk about; to speak of; to recite; to chant; to indicate; to show
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
muffler; scarf; comforter; muffler (for a vehicle exhaust); silencer
somehow; how; in what way; why; what kind of