at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
receiving (a message, letter, email, etc.); reception (radio, TV, etc.)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
purpose; goal; aim; objective; intention
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
place; location; room; space; basho; wrestling tournament
movement; transfer; migration; mobile; moving; traveling
room; chamber; apartment; flat; stable
to leave; to exit; to leave (on a journey); to depart; to move forward; to come to; to get to
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
quite; entirely; completely; as if; as though; just like
maze; labyrinth; inner ear
like; similar to; (I) think (that); (I) have a feeling (that); feels like; feels similar to
branch road; forked road; branch; crossroads (of a course of events); turning point; parting of the ways
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
many; much; plenty; hardly
to continue; to last; to continue (without a break); to be unbroken; to occur again and again; to lead to; to connect to
that is to say; that is; in short; in brief; clogging; obstruction; shrinkage
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
underground; below the ground; world of the dead; the grave; underground (activities, movement, etc.); secret
storey; story; stairs; stage (in chronostratigraphy); counter for storeys and floors of a building
seeming ...; appearing ...; -ish; like a ...; typical of ...
but; however; (and) yet; nevertheless; still; for all that
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
surface of the earth; ground surface
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
to surround; to crowd around
whole; entirety; whatever (is the matter)
same; identical; equal; anyway; anyhow; in either case
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
in order to (e.g. meet goal); so that; take care (so as); hoping or wishing for something
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
on the way; en route; in the middle of; midway; halfway
-ish; -like; resembling; appearing to be; seeming to be
human being; human; person; character (of a person)
how many times; how many degrees (temperature, angle, etc.)
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
encounter; being confronted with (e.g. difficulty); meeting with (e.g. accident)
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
official; governmental; public (use, matter, forum, etc.); common; being public knowledge; being out in the open