honorific/polite/humble prefix
to wait; to await; to look forward to; to depend on; to need
please (give me); please (do for me)
Mr.; Mrs.; makes a word more polite (usu. in fixed expressions); state; situation
facial expression; countenance; look; appearance; expression (vocal, etc.)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to put in order; to arrange; to get ready; to prepare; to work out (e.g. business deal); to arrange (e.g. marriage)
end; finish; bounds; limits; delivery date (of a futures contract); finale (of a noh song); end of an act (in jōruri or kabuki)
to try to ...; to be about to do ...; to decide to ...; to take as; to treat as; to use for; to suppose that (such) is the case
sincere; earnest; serious
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to throw at; to turn; to raise
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
how; in what way; how about; questionable
to build up; to establish; to form; to become (a state); to accomplish; to achieve; to change into
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
tone of voice; mimicry; imitative voice
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to get on (train, plane, bus, ship, etc.); to get in; to get on (e.g. a footstool); to step on; to reach; to go over; to follow
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
unworthy (of one's father, teacher, etc.); I; me; incompetent; unskilled; (arch.) unfortunate
(another's) daughter; young lady (of pampered upbringing); woman who has never known hardship; naive woman
to receive; to get; to eat; to drink; to be crowned with; to wear (on one's head)
to ask; to inquire; to blame (someone) for; to accuse of; to care about; to regard as important
waiting; waiting time; wait tile; tile which would complete one's hand
you; you bastard; you son of a bitch; (arch.) you
(someone else's) daughter
et cetera; etc.; and the like; the likes of; something like
1,000,000; one million; million; many
year; counter for years (e.g. of an era), grades (e.g. school); period of an apprentice's contract (usu. ten years)
fast; quick; early (in the day, etc.); premature; (too) soon; not yet
indicates emotion or admiration; indicates emphasis; I; me; wah!; boo!
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
furthermore; again; after all; more and more; moreover; even more
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as