to imitate; to copy; to enter someone as a candidate; to press (e.g. a weapon against someone's back); to compare; to liken
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to jar; to creak; to grate
sound; noise; note; fame; Chinese-derived character reading
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
sudden; abrupt; unexpected; unforeseen
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to wake up; to sober up; to come to one's senses; to become enlightened
heavy; weighty; heavy (feeling); depressed; slow; sluggish; important (position, responsibility, etc.)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
slowly; unhurriedly; easily (e.g. in time); well; well (e.g. sleep); comfortably
to open; to undo; to bloom; to unfold; to open (for business, e.g. in the morning); to be wide (gap, etc.); to widen
change for the better; improvement; looking better (than before)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
remembrance; recollection; recognition
existing (at the present moment); alright; acceptable; to be (usu. of inanimate objects); to have
to pass through; to pass by; to pass (of time); to elapse; to have expired; to have ended; to exceed
room; chamber; apartment; flat; stable
scene; spectacle; sight; view
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
huh?; eh?; what?; oh; hey!; look!
is not; am not; are not; isn't it?
hm; um; huh?; what?; nuh-uh; no
again; once more; a second time
to make a sound; to give off a sound; to hear a sound
direction; way; side (of an argument, etc.); one's part; type; category; field (of study, etc.)
to turn one's face; to turn around; to look over one's shoulder
same; identical; equal; anyway; anyhow; in either case
to sleep like a log; to sleep deeply
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
is that so? (generally rhetorical)
to recall; to remember; to recollect
creeping at night into a woman's bedroom; stealing into a girl's bedroom at night to make love; sneaking visit
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
may; might; perhaps; may be; possibly
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
together (with); at the same time; in a lump
to sleep (lying down); to go to bed; to lie in bed; to lie down; to sleep (with someone, i.e. have intercourse); to lie flat (e.g. of hair); to lie idle (of funds, stock, etc.)
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
particle indicating that the speaker is trying to recall some information