indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
after school (at the end of the day)
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
cherry tree; cherry blossom; fake buyer; paid audience; hired applauder; horse meat
to dance (orig. a whirling dance); to flutter about; to revolve
April; fourth month in the lunar calendar
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to wear; to be dressed in; to be adorned in; to clad oneself with
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
place; location; room; space; basho; wrestling tournament
to stand; to rise; to find oneself (e.g. in a difficult position); to depart (on a plane, train, etc.)
to wear (in modern Japanese, from the shoulders down); to put on; to bear (guilt, etc.)
to get used to; to grow accustomed to; to become skilled in; to become experienced at; to become tame; to become domesticated
height; stature; length (esp. of clothing); all (one has); everything; magnificence (of a waka poem, etc.)
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
(a) little; somewhat; somehow
very; awfully; exceedingly; (not) at all; by no means; simply (cannot)
to weigh on one's mind; to bother one; to be interested (in); to be curious (about); to feel like (doing); to feel inclined to
one person; being alone; being by oneself; being single; being unmarried; by oneself
new student; freshman; first-year student
row; line; company (of someone); group; sequence; counter for rows
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
to be disconnected; to get out of place; to miss the mark; to get it wrong (e.g. guess, expectation); to be removed; to be excluded
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to cure; to heal; to fix; to correct; to do over again; to replace
now; soon; already; yet; further; more
this sort of; this kind of; like this; such
such things as ...; and ... and; the minute (that) ...; no sooner than ...; be; is; o
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
continuously in some state (for a long time, distance); throughout; much (better, etc.); by far; far away; long ago
to long for; to yearn after; to admire; to be attracted by
only natural; no wonder; as expected; of course; as it should be
although; despite; whereas; while; if only; I wish
to suit; to match; to become; to be like
(not) at all; (not) in the slightest; wholly; entirely; extremely; very
cute; adorable; dear; precious; innocent; childlike
so; like this; in this way
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to