morning; breakfast; (arch.) next morning
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
but; however; (and) yet; nevertheless; still; for all that
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
floor; stage (for the narrator and the shamisen player); dining platform built across a river
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to squat; to crouch down (completely, generally with face looking through knees)
face; visage; look; expression; honor; honour
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to thrust (something) into (something); to cram; to plunge into; to charge into; to delve into (a matter); to go into depth; to press (someone) about
as it is; as one likes; because; condition; state
to move; to stir; to operate; to run; to make a move; to take action; to be touched
cruel; heartless; violent; intense; very bad; terrible
cold (e.g. weather); uninteresting (esp. joke); lame; dull
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
whole (body); full-length (e.g. portrait); systemic
to stop (moving); to come to a stop; to stop (doing, working, being supplied); to come to a halt; to alight; to perch on
mouth; opening; hole; mouth (of a bottle); spout; gate; door
to pin down; to hold down; to cover (esp. a part of one's body with one's hand); to clutch (a body part in pain); to get a hold of; to obtain
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
frantic; frenetic; inevitable death; brinkmate (inevitable checkmate)
thought; imagination; mind; desire; wish; love
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
to drink; to gulp; to smoke (tobacco); to engulf; to overwhelm; to keep down; to suppress
large quantity; massive (quantity); mass (e.g. mass production, mass transit, mass destruction)
medicine; pharmaceuticals; efficacious chemical (gunpowder, pesticide, etc.); (pottery) glaze; (illegal) drug; narcotic
to collect; to gather; to save; to accumulate; to pile up
thing; object; one's things; possessions; things; something; quality
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
stomach; Chinese "stomach" constellation (one of the 28 mansions)
convulsion; cramp; spasm; tic; twitch; fit
contents (of a container, stomach, etc.); things inside
esophagus; gullet; esophageal
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
to seize; to catch; to obtain; to acquire; to understand; to grasp
to bear; to stand; to support; to withstand; to be fit for; to be equal to
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to stiffen; to become stiff