indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to give birth; to bear (child); to lay (eggs); to produce; to yield; to give rise to
morning; breakfast; (arch.) next morning
sky; the air; weather; far-off place; distant place; state of mind; feeling
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
silver (Ag); silver coin; money; silver medal; silver colour; silver color; bank
ground; earth; the solid earth; the (vast) land
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
to cover; to hide; to conceal; to wrap; to disguise
only; merely; approximately; about; just (finished, etc.); as if to; (as though) about to
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
to freeze (of one's body); to be frozen; to become numb (with cold); to be chilled
to finish; to stop; to close (a business, etc.); to close down; to put away; to put back
in order to (e.g. meet goal); so that; take care (so as); hoping or wishing for something
(one's) older brother; lad; sonny
hand; arm; forepaw; foreleg; handle; hand; worker
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
frantic; frenetic; inevitable death; brinkmate (inevitable checkmate)
to clasp; to grasp; to hold (the answer); to have (e.g. the solution); to seize (power); to hold (the reins)
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
in that way; thus; so; so?
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
the world; society; sphere; circle; world-renowned; world-famous
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
leaving behind; desertion; abandonment
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
only; merely; but; no more than
two persons; two people; pair; couple
end; finish; bounds; limits; delivery date (of a futures contract); finale (of a noh song); end of an act (in jōruri or kabuki)
to match (rhythm, speed, etc.); to join together; to unite; to face; to be opposite (someone); to compare; to check with
to live; to exist; to make a living; to subsist; to be in effect; to be in use
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
and; and then; thus; and now; and finally
when; at what time; how soon; normal times; ordinary days
to trip (over); to stumble; to fail; to suffer a setback
to protect (someone); to look after (e.g. an injured leg); to defend; to cover for; to stand up for; to stick up for