reform; reformation; reorganization
to give one's everything; to make one's best effort; to be enthused; to put your back into it
history of Japan; Japanese history
from the beginning; from scratch
in the background; not standing out
First Sino-Japanese war (1894-1895)
colonization; colonisation
rambunctious kid; wild kid; hooligan; rowdy; roughneck
historical play; period drama
warrior (esp. of military retainers of daimyos in the Edo period); samurai
import; importation; introduction; afferent
translation; deciphering; decoding; translation
organization; organisation; structure; construction; system (e.g. railroad, transport, party, etc.); tissue; texture (of a rock)
fashion; way; school (of thought); class; rank; current (electrical, water, etc.)
squirrel's foot fern (Davallia mariesii); Lepisorus thunbergianus (species of fern); color of clothing layers under one's overcoat (light green on blue); ancient women's hairstyle; clothing patterned using squirrel's foot fern
cut in the skin caused by a vacuum formed by a whirlwind; mythical weasel-like creatures riding on whirlwinds and inflicting sharp, painless wounds
end; finish; bounds; limits; delivery date (of a futures contract); finale (of a noh song); end of an act (in jōruri or kabuki)
creation; production; creative work (novel, film, etc.); fabrication; fiction; invention
actual existence; real existence; existing in real life
public matter; governmental matter; prince; duke; lord; sir
wise ruler; enlightened monarch; benevolent lord
peace and tranquillity; halcyon times of peace; peaceful world
story; tale; narrative; account; fable; legend
to govern; to manage; to subdue
commander-in-chief of the expeditionary force against the barbarians; great, unifying leader
Edo (shogunate capital, now Tokyo); Yedo
secret; clandestine; covert; spy (for a daimyo, shogun, etc.); secret agent
Iga (former province located in the west of present-day Mie Prefecture)
spy working for the Edo shogunate; oniwaban
large; big; older; senior; final; ultimate
boss; leader; kingpin; chief; head (e.g. of a crime syndicate)
to place (in position); to fix; to install; to seat (someone); to settle (upon something); to fix (e.g. one's gaze)
rewarding good and punishing evil; poetic justice
justice; right; righteousness; correct meaning; correct explanation
to shoot (at); to attack; to defeat; to destroy
training; education; stocking up; laying in; preparation (e.g. ingredients); girl studying to become a geisha
spy; agent provocateur; covert operative; maker; builder; constructor
parents and siblings; one's relatives
pretext; history; past; according to ...; ... says
Owari (former province located in the west of present-day Aichi Prefecture)
feudal domain (Edo and early Meiji periods, precursor to current prefectures); fiefdom; province
undetermined manner of death; suspicious death