indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
faint; dim; weak; poor; wretched; meagre
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
to wake up; to sober up; to come to one's senses; to become enlightened
piece(s) of firewood (esp. chopped or split from logs); kindling (twigs, branches, etc.); firewood
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
sound; noise; note; fame; Chinese-derived character reading
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to be heard; to be audible; to be said to be; to be reputed
eye; eyeball; eyesight; sight; look; stare; notice
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to open; to undo; to bloom; to unfold; to open (for business, e.g. in the morning); to be wide (gap, etc.); to widen
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
to insert; to put in; to send in (to a prisoner; e.g. clothes, books); to deliver (food, refreshments, etc. to workers); to supply
feast; treating (someone); to treat (someone, e.g. to a meal)
to taste; to savor; to appreciate; to enjoy; to experience; to go through
tongue; tongue-like object; clapper (of a bell); talon (of a lock)
like; similar to; as with; in the same way
mouth; opening; hole; mouth (of a bottle); spout; gate; door
inside; interior; among; within; middle; center; during
flame; blaze; flames (of intense emotion, e.g. love, jealousy, anger); passion
to dance (orig. a hopping dance)
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
taking refuge; finding shelter; evacuation; escape; seeking safe haven
hut; cabin; small theatre (theater); temporary playhouse; one's own house
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
to notice; to recognize; to recognise; to become aware of; to perceive; to realize
inside; within; while (e.g. one is young); during; among; amongst; in (secret, chaos, poverty, etc.)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
again; once more; also; too; on the other hand; while; and
to turn back (e.g. half-way); to return; to go back; to recover (e.g. something lost); to be returned; to rebound
seeming ...; appearing ...; -ish; like a ...; typical of ...
body; torso; trunk; build; physique; health
to raise; to raise up; to wake; to wake up; to cause; to bring about; to start
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
dazzling; glaring; dazzlingly beautiful
to insert; to put in; to have a griping pain; to flow in; to shine in
morning; breakfast; (arch.) next morning
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
favorite; favourite; pet (e.g. teacher's pet); bookmark (in web browser)