indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to leave; to exit; to leave (on a journey); to depart; to move forward; to come to; to get to
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
in front (of); before (e.g. a building); before; earlier; (the) front; frontal part; forward
to close one's eyes; to lower one's eyelids; to shut one's eyes; to die; to breathe one's last
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to recall; to remember; to recollect
with a slap; with a pop; without batting an eyelid; generously; cutesy suffix applied to names
large; big; great; prominent; -sized; as big as; university
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
to move (house); to change residence
person; someone; human beings; mankind; human (Homo sapiens); (other) people; others
row; line; company (of someone); group; sequence; counter for rows
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
everyone; everybody; all; everything; all
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to fill; to become full (of); to wax (of the moon); to rise (of the tide); to flow; to expire (of a period of time)
facial expression; countenance; look; appearance; expression (vocal, etc.)
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
high; tall; expensive; high-priced; high (level); above average (in degree, quality, etc.)
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to enter; to go into; to break into; to join; to enroll; to contain; to hold
Metropolis (of Tokyo); (Tokyo) Metropolitan District; counter for cities and towns; capital
entertainer (esp. in a traditional art); performer; artiste; talented person; accomplished person
if it is the case that ...
art; craft; accomplishment; artistic skill; technique; performance
announcement; presentation; demonstration; displaying; showing; introducing
tax exemption; duty exemption
to get; to earn; to understand; to comprehend; to receive something undesirable (e.g. a punishment); to get (ill)
human being; human; person; character (of a person)
severe; strict; hard (to do); difficult; intense (e.g. cold); harsh (weather)
taking no notice; ignoring; not even looking at
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
citizenship; civic rights; civil rights; widespread acceptance; social recognition; common use
people; citizens; subjects; folk
merchant; trader; tradesman; dealer; shopkeeper