indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to raise; to raise up; to wake; to wake up; to cause; to bring about; to start
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
things like; something like; someone like; such a thing as; (the fact) that; to think that
unusual; rare; new; novel; fine (e.g. gift)
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
thing; object; one's things; possessions; things; something; quality
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
such; that sort of; that kind of; no way!; never!
place; spot; address; district; area; one's house; point
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
to sleep; to die; to rest (in peace); to lie idle (e.g. of resources); to lie unused; (arch.) to close one's eyes
to come; to go; to be (somewhere); to be (doing)
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
honorific/polite/humble prefix
(common) cold; influenza; flu; ague; inflammatory respiratory system illness (in general)
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
to call; to invite; to eat; to drink; to put on; to wear; to ride
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
et cetera; etc.; or something; the likes of; for example; for instance
to pull; to tug; to draw (attention, sympathy, etc.); to attract (e.g. interest); to draw back (e.g. one's hand); to draw in (one's chin, stomach, etc.); to draw (a card, mahjong tile, etc.)
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
already; now; no longer; not any more
that kind of; of the sort; of the kind; such
the body; the flesh; the outer man; one's physique
it seems; I think; I guess; right?; don't you agree?
or rather (say); or better (say); or perhaps I should say; or, how should I put it; I mean
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
worry; concern; anxiety; care; help; aid
yes; that is correct; um; errr; huh?; grrr
after all; because; but; even; too; as well
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
I; me; personal (affairs, etc.); private; selfishness; partiality
what; how many; many; a lot of; several; a few
to disappear; to vanish; to go out (of a fire, light, etc.); to die; to fade (of a feeling, impression, etc.); to vanish (e.g. of hope); to go away (e.g. of a smell, itchiness, sleepiness)
to finish; to stop; to close (a business, etc.); to close down; to put away; to put back
indicates reason or excuse; indicates dissatisfaction; indicates desire to be pampered or indulged
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah