the past; bygone days; one's past (that one would prefer remained secret); past (tense); preterit; previous life
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
immediately; at once; soon; before long; easily; readily
refreshingly; with a feeling of relief; shapely; neatly; cleanly; without trouble; clearly
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to change; to exchange; to convert; to renew; to throw a switch; to replace
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
above; up; top; summit; surface; before; previous
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
lying on one's belly; crawling on one's belly; belly crawl
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
room; chamber; apartment; flat; stable
to look out over; to survey (scene); to take an extensive view of
entrance; front door; entryway; entranceway; entry hall; vestibule
until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to
clothes (esp. Western clothes); counter for doses of medicine, gulps of tea, drags of a cigarette, etc.
such things as ...; and ... and; the minute (that) ...; no sooner than ...; be; is; o
underwear; undergarment; underclothes; lingerie
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to take off (clothes, shoes, etc.); to undress
turn (in line); order of things; sequential order
avenue; street; coming and going; street traffic; flow (of water, air, etc.); transmission (of sound); reach (e.g. of voice)
floor; stage (for the narrator and the shamisen player); dining platform built across a river
to fall down; to drop; to be omitted; to be missing; to decrease; to sink; to fail (e.g. exam or class)
to pick up; to find; to gather
to tidy up; to put in order; to settle (problem); to clear (dispute); to finish; to bring something to an end
spirit; mind; nature; disposition; motivation; intention
also; too; not ... either; (it's not possible) no matter what; although one might wish otherwise
feeling refreshed; feeling relieved; neat; tidy; frank; open-hearted; completely
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
feeling; sense; impression
is not; am not; are not; isn't it?
indicates emotion or admiration; indicates emphasis; I; me; wah!; boo!
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
quantity; amount; generosity; magnanimity; pramana; (in Indian philosophy) means by which one gains accurate and valid knowledge
establishment; creation; posing (a problem); options setting; preference settings; configuration
air; atmosphere; mood; situation; someone with no presence; someone who doesn't stand out at all
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
pleasant; agreeable; comfortable
what kind of; what sort of; what; no matter what (kind of); whatever; any