again; once more; also; too; on the other hand; while; and
today; this day; these days; recently; nowadays
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to ill-treat; to bully; to torment; to be tough on (e.g. one's body); to treat harshly
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
liked; well-liked; in love (with); loved; faddism; eccentricity
although; despite; whereas; while; if only; I wish
to recognize; to recognise; to deem; to judge; to approve; to deem acceptable; to admit
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
Western-style clothes (cf. traditional Japanese clothes)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
dirty; filthy; disordered; messy; indecent (language, etc.); dirty
also; too; not ... either; (it's not possible) no matter what; although one might wish otherwise
to put in; to let in; to admit; to accept; to accept; to comply; to include
germ; germs; bacteria; something harmful; vermin
treatment; service; handling (of a machine, tool, etc.); operation; treating as; treating like
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
person; someone; human beings; mankind; human (Homo sapiens); (other) people; others
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
I; me; self-centered man; egotistical man; pompous man
shooting (a ball); shot (on basket, at goal, etc.); shoot (of a tree or plant); chute; shuuto; shootball
to decide; to choose; to clinch (a victory); to decide (the outcome of a match); to persist in doing; to go through with; to always do
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to dance (orig. a hopping dance)
vigilance; caution; alertness; precaution; being on guard
loose; lenient; lax; gentle (curve, slope, etc.); slow; weak; soft
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
poison; toxicant; harm; evil influence; ill will; spite
inside; interior; among; within; middle; center; during
large; big; great; prominent; -sized; as big as; university
seriousness; earnestness; truth; sanctity
to amass; to accumulate; to store; to leave unpaid
by the way; incidentally; sometimes; occasionally; precisely (at that time); exactly
student; follower; students and pupils
preface; introduction; preamble
without change; as is; just like; extremely similar; immediately; just after