indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
honorific/polite/humble prefix; honorific suffix
embarkation; boarding (a ship or aircraft)
this plane; this aircraft; this machine
after (practically) no time; immediately after; just; having no time to
tide; current; sea water; opportunity; chance
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
landing; alighting; touch down
safety belt; seat belt; seatbelt
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
honorific/polite/humble prefix
to make sure; to check; to ascertain; to confirm; to verify
please (give me); please (do for me)
still; yet; more; still more; furthermore; in addition
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
clear weather; cloudless weather; good weather
degree (angle, temperature, scale, etc.); counter for occurrences; strength (of glasses); glasses prescription; alcohol content (percentage); alcohol by volume; extent
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
hot; warm; passionate; impassioned; on everybody's mind; on the radar
one day; all day (long); the whole day; first day of the month
it seems; I think; I guess; right?; don't you agree?
indicates a question; indicates an embedded question; indicates an indirect question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm
this way; this direction; here; this (one); I; me
cool; refreshing; clear (e.g. eyes); bright; clear; distinct
you said; he said; even if; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
to hear; to listen (e.g. to music); to ask; to enquire; to hear about; to hear of; to follow (advice, order, etc.)
in that way; thus; so; the same; so?
is not ... either; is (neither ...) nor ...; nor is it ...; does not ... either; (neither ...) nor ...; does not even ...
I wonder; should I?; is it?; I wish that; I hope that
where; what place; how much (long, far); what extent
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
seeming ...; appearing ...; -ish; like a ...; typical of ...
the old days; the past; former times; the past ten years; the past decade
to live (of humans); to reside; to inhabit; to dwell; to abide