indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
noon; midday; daytime; lunch
to end; to come to an end; to close; to finish
busy; occupied; hectic; restless; hurried; fidgety
people; men and women; each person; everybody
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to be in confusion or commotion; to be in a turmoil; to be crowded or jammed with people
town; block; downtown; main street; street; road
tumult; great noise; clatter; hustle and bustle
inside; interior; among; within; middle; center; during
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to stand; to rise; to find oneself (e.g. in a difficult position); to depart (on a plane, train, etc.)
time; hour; occasion; case; chance; opportunity
indicates word or phrase being defined; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); with; (not) as much as; (not) so much as; the fact that
hitting a ball; batting; stroke
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
strange; odd; unexpected; change; incident; disturbance
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
indicates emotion or admiration; indicates emphasis; I; me; wah!; boo!
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
very; awfully; exceedingly; (not) at all; by no means; simply (cannot)
quiet; silent; slow; unhurried; calm; peaceful
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
this sort of; this kind of; like this; such
place; location; room; space; basho; wrestling tournament
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
to pass (time); to spend; to overdo (esp. of one's alcohol consumption); to drink (alcohol); (arch.) to take care of; (arch.) to support
human being; human; person; character (of a person)
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
to try to ...; to be about to do ...; to decide to ...; to take as; to treat as; to use for; to suppose that (such) is the case
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
certain; sure; doubtless; I have no doubt; You can depend on it; It's a safe bet
skipping out; cutting class; truancy; procrastination
NEET (young person not in education, employment or training)
as expected; sure enough; after all (is said and done); in the end; too; also
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
female; woman; female sex; female lover; girlfriend; mistress
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
tobacco; cigarette; cigaret; tobacco plant (Nicotiana tabacum)
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
and; and then; thus; and now; and finally
fluttering; flapping; (arch.) flickering (light, flame, etc.); frill; piece of thin material