indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
company; lot; bunch; troupe; company (of musicians)
what; how many; many; a lot of; several; a few
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
very; considerably; by no means; not readily; middle; half-way point
pinch; crisis; tough spot; clothespin
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
unhappiness; sorrow; misfortune; death (usu. of a relative); bereavement
(practical) experience; personal experience; hands-on experience; first-hand experience
now; soon; already; yet; further; more
the end; closing; being done for; that's it; that's enough; that's all
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
is not; am not; are not; isn't it?
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
(common) soldier; rank and file; army; troops; warfare; strategy
it seems; I think; I guess; right?; don't you agree?
diligently; seriously; perfectly; properly; sufficiently; satisfactorily
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
please (give me); please (do for me)
unreasonable; unnatural; impossible; forcible; forced; excessive (work, etc.); immoderate
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
serious; not joking; straight
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
to die; to pass away; to lose spirit; to lose vigor; to cease; to stop
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
cowardly; timid; easily frightened
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
war; battle; campaign; (arch.) troops; (arch.) forces
god; deity; incredible; fantastic; (arch.) Emperor (of Japan); (arch.) thunder
such; that sort of; that kind of; no way!; never!
conclusion from reasoning, judgement or calculation based on something read or heard; reason; cause; meaning; circumstances; situation
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
that sort of; that kind of; like that; such; so
by myself; in person; by oneself