indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
to hold (in one's hand); to take; to possess; to have; to maintain; to keep; to last
what; how many; many; a lot of; several; a few
eye; eyeball; eyesight; sight; look; stare; notice
time; hour; occasion; case; chance; opportunity
time; hour; period; class
head; hair (on one's head); mind; brains; leader; chief; top
force; strength; capability; ability; efficacy; effect; effort
mind; heart; spirit; the meaning of a phrase (riddle, etc.)
foot; paw; leg; gait; pace; bottom structural component (i.e. radical) of a kanji; means of transportation
water (esp. cool, fresh water, e.g. drinking water); fluid (esp. in an animal tissue); liquid; flood; floodwaters; water offered to wrestlers just prior to a bout
book; volume; this; present; main; head
Mr.; Mrs.; makes a word more polite (usu. in fixed expressions); state; situation
light; illumination; ray; happiness; hope; influence
thing; object; one's things; possessions; things; something; quality
colour; color; complexion; skin colour; look (on one's face); expression; appearance
seeming; giving the appearance of; giving one the feeling of
tear; tears; lachrymal secretion; sympathy
tree; shrub; bush; wood; timber
to hit; to strike; to strike (noon, etc.); to sound (cymbals, etc.); to beat (rhythmically, e.g. pulse, waves, etc.); to move; to impress
change; variation; variety; diversity; inflection; declension
to shine; to glitter; to sparkle
thin; pale; light; watery; thin; weak (taste, etc.); little (affection, etc.) not much (of a presence)
possible; potential; practicable; feasible
model; type (e.g. of machine, goods, etc.); type; style; mold (mould); template; kata (standard form of a movement, posture, etc. in martial arts, sport, etc.)
flesh; meat; flesh (of a fruit); pulp; the physical body (as opposed to the spirit); flesh; thickness
stone; jewel; precious stone; flint (in a lighter); stone (in go); stone (in the bladder, kidney etc.); calculus
star (usu. not including the Sun); planet (usu. not including Earth); star (glyph, symbol, shape); star (actor, player, etc.); small dot; spot; star point (in go)
suspicious; dubious; doubtful; unsure; untrustworthy; unreliable; strange
horse; horse racing; promoted bishop
destruction; disruption; (application) crash
red; crimson; red-containing colour (e.g. brown, pink, orange); Red (i.e. communist); red light (traffic); red ink (i.e. in finance or proof-reading); (in) the red
to burn; to roast; to broil; to heat; to heat up; to make (charcoal, pottery, bricks, etc.); to bake
breathing; respiration; knack; trick; harmony; balance
poison; toxicant; harm; evil influence; ill will; spite
selection; choice; option
bread; (sweet) pastry; staff of life; one's bread
gold (Au); golden (color); valuable; of highest value; money; gold coin; Friday
bone; frame; outline; core; backbone; spirit