indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
summons; summonsing; citation; subpoena; arraigning; calling
soul; spirit; departed soul; ghost
body; torso; trunk; build; physique; health
to raise; to lift; to boost; to enhance
weapon; arms; ordnance; weapon (something used to gain an advantage); asset
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to throw at; to throw something at a person; to throw a person down
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
magical powers; supernatural powers; spell; charm
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
to fire (gun, arrow, questions, etc.); to shoot; to set free; to release; to emit (e.g. light); to give off (e.g. a scent)
strengthening; intensifying; reinforcement; enhancement; solidification
concerning; regarding; per (e.g. 100 yen per person); for every
financial planner; feature phone
explanation; exposition; description; account; caption; legend
to produce; to yield; to cause; to result from; to arise; to be generated
restoration; rehabilitation; recovery; recovery (from an illness); recuperation; convalescence
surroundings; environs; circumference
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
miraculous medicine; miracle drug; wonder drug
to give (esp. to someone of lower status); to bestow; to provide; to afford; to assign; to cause
combination; arrangement; distribution; marrying off
body; physique; shape; form; substance; identity; field
accumulation; accumulate; store
opponent; rival; adversary; menace; danger; threat
home page; horsepower; HP; half-pipe (i.e. in snowboarding); HP (i.e. a 'hit point' in a role-playing game)
cut; cutting; haircut; shuffle (cards); shuffling; scene
ashes (of the deceased); remains from cremation
by means of; due to; because of; according to
state; condition; situation; appearance; circumstances
forward; frontward; ahead; rectangular front
rate; ratio; proportion; percentage
to call out (to); to call; to summon (a doctor, etc.); to invite; to designate; to name; to garner (support, etc.)
to paint; to plaster; to lacquer; to varnish; to spread; to smear
fragment; scrap; piece; shred
addition; annexation; appendage
flame; blaze; flames (of intense emotion, e.g. love, jealousy, anger); passion
poison; toxicant; harm; evil influence; ill will; spite
lightning; thunder; god of thunder; god of lightning; anger; fit of anger
large; big; great; prominent; -sized; as big as; university
confirmation; verification; validation; review; check; affirmation