to arrive at; to reach; to sit on; to sit at (e.g. the table)
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
splendid; fine; praiseworthy; creditable; legal; legitimate
honorific/polite/humble prefix
residence; estate; grounds; premises; mansion
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
I'm sorry; my apologies; may I come in?; permission; leave; dismissal
a little; a bit; just a minute; for a moment; somewhat; rather; (not) easily
tasks; things to do; errand; business (to take care of); affairs; engagement
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to recall; to remember; to recollect
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
discourtesy; impoliteness; excuse me; goodbye; to leave; to be rude
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
to persevere; to persist; to insist that; to stick to (one's opinion); to remain in a place; to stick to one's post
to win through (e.g. to the next round); to win game after game; to achieve a final victory; to fight to the end and win; to come out on top
a line; a streak; one item (in an itemized form); one clause; one matter (affair, event, case, incident); (arch.) the same logic
senior (at work or school); superior; elder; older graduate; progenitor; old-timer
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
helpless; forlorn; hopeless; unpromising; lonely; discouraging
safe; secure; certainly; surely; no thanks; I'm good
to wish someone good luck; to wish someone success
what; how many; many; a lot of; several; a few
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
seems; I think; I guess; don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!
oh well, fine; fine, I guess; alright, I suppose; OK, then
alright; all right; right on; looking good; OK; okay
to push; to press; to apply pressure from above; to press down; to stamp (i.e. a passport); to apply a seal; to affix (e.g. gold leaf)
adds force or indicates command
exactly!; surely!; that's it!; ding dong (sound of door bell, chime, etc.)
yes; that is correct; understood; I see; present; here; pardon?
which way; which direction; which one (esp. of two alternatives); who
Mr.; Mrs.; makes a word more polite (usu. in fixed expressions); state; situation
gate; branch of learning based on the teachings of a single master; division; phylum; counter for cannons
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah