indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
hindrance; obstacle; to visit (someone's home); demon who hinders Buddhist training; demon who obstructs sentient beings from maintaining moral behaviour
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
manners; courtesy; etiquette
to know; to be aware (of); to sense; to feel; to understand; to comprehend; to remember
endorsing and questioning the preceding statement; lamenting reflections on the preceding statement
to go out and away; to leave
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
you; before (a god, nobleman, etc.); in front of
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
splendid; magnificent; utter (esp. defeat); total; (arch.) something worth seeing; (arch.) sight
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
to shame the name (of); to blot the reputation (of)
what; how many; many; a lot of; several; a few
century; era; of the century (e.g. fight of the century)
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to continue; to last; to continue (without a break); to be unbroken; to occur again and again; to lead to; to connect to
to break; to destroy; to wreck; to ruin; to break (a bill, etc.)
to be (animate); to be; to be ...-ing; to have ...-ed; to be ...-ed; to (have the audacity to) do
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...; wow
pluralizing suffix; or so; rough indicator of direction, location, amount, etc.; nominalizing suffix
crime; sin; penalty; sentence; fault; responsibility
severe; strict; hard (to do); difficult; intense (e.g. cold); harsh (weather)
to punish; to penalize; to penalise
adds force to a statement, decision or conclusion; indicates command; (strongly) emphasizes the previous word; adds focus; some- (e.g. something, someone)
murder; homicide; manslaughter
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
accusation; complaint; charge; suit; legal action; legal proceedings
why; how; for what reason
indicates a question; indicates an embedded question; indicates an indirect question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm
as (i.e. in the role of); for (i.e. from the viewpoint of); apart from ... (used to change the topic); even (e.g. "not even a single person"); thinking that ...; trying to ...
scene of the crime (offense, offence)
place; spot; address; district; area; one's house; point
witnessing; observing; sighting