indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
opponent; rival; adversary; menace; danger; threat
to push; to press; to apply pressure from above; to press down; to stamp (i.e. a passport); to apply a seal; to affix (e.g. gold leaf)
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
extent; scope; sphere; range; span
visual confirmation; sighting
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
to use (a thing, method, etc.); to make use of; to use (a person, animal, puppet, etc.); to employ; to use (time, money, etc.); to spend
to kill; to slay; to suppress; to block; to suppress (a voice, feelings, etc.); to hold back
to throw; to hurl; to give up; to abandon; to cast (a glance, shadow, doubt, etc.)
dead body; corpse; cadaver; carcass
selection; choice; option
to be able (to); to be possible (to)
people who lived in Kyushu in ancient times, and who opposed the state of Yamato
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
such things as ...; and ... and; the minute (that) ...; no sooner than ...; be; is; o
heavy; weighty; heavy (feeling); depressed; slow; sluggish; important (position, responsibility, etc.)
duty; function; office; mission; task
indication; expression; display; displaying; representation; (copyright) attribution
character; personality; (fictional) character; letter; character
shuriken; small throwing blade; throwing star
record; minutes; record (e.g. in sports); results; to record; to document
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
to enter; to go into; to break into; to join; to enroll; to contain; to hold
confirmation; verification; validation; review; check; affirmation
wind; breeze; manner; behaviour; cold; influenza
dark; gloomy; depressed; dispirited; dark (in colour); dull; ill-boding
discovery; detection; finding
everything; all; the whole; entirely; completely; wholly
stone; jewel; precious stone; flint (in a lighter); stone (in go); stone (in the bladder, kidney etc.); calculus
gate; branch of learning based on the teachings of a single master; division; phylum; counter for cannons
to elevate; to raise; to lift up; to flatter; to extol; to praise to the sky
to ring; to sound; to be popular; to be esteemed; to state; to insist