indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
hiding place; hideout; refuge; retreat; hideaway
Mr.; Mrs.; makes a word more polite (usu. in fixed expressions); state; situation
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to be seen; to be in sight; to look; to seem; to come
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
camping; campground; making camp
center; centre; metropolis
there (place relatively near listener); there (place just mentioned); that place; then (of some incident just spoken of); that (of point just raised); (arch.) you
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
should (be); bound (to be); nock (of a bow); nock (of an arrow); nock-shaped grip (between thumb and forefinger); wooden frame on the tip of the mast of a Japanese ship that prevents the hawser from falling out
same feeling; same sentiment; same opinion; sympathy; agreement; concurrence
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
everyone; everybody; all; everything; all
to take one's place; to take one's position; to go into position; to line up
I wonder; do you think?; I might; some kind; some stage; somehow
how; in what way; why; for what reason; cannot possibly; no way
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
teacher; instructor; sensei; title or form of address for a teacher, master, doctor, lawyer, etc.; intimate or teasing form of address; (arch.) one's elder
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
distinction; difference; separate; different; exception; exclusion
direction; way; side (of an argument, etc.); one's part; type; category; field (of study, etc.)
both; both sides; both parties
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
to attack; to assault; to assail
enclosure; fence; storage (of fruit, vegetables, etc.); partitioned area of a room for conducting tea ceremonies; mistress; castle
to take out; to get out; to put out; to reveal; to submit (e.g. thesis); to turn in; to publish
fellow; guy; thing; object; he; she
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to throw down; to bring down; to kill; to defeat; to overthrow; to trip up
-ness; indicates assertion; come; come now
emperor; shogun; honored person (honoured); (another person's) wife
to say; to speak; to tell; to talk
life and death; samsara (cycle of death and rebirth); death
to ask; to inquire; to blame (someone) for; to accuse of; to care about; to regard as important
to take (someone) with one; to bring along; to go with; to be accompanied by
to return; to come home; to leave; to get home; to get to home plate
dead body; corpse; cadaver; carcass
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
journey; trip; travels; during the journey; on the way; while travelling
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
trouble; bother; trouble; difficulty; care; attention