citizen; citizenry; city inhabitant; townspeople; bourgeoisie; middle class
lately; recently; nowadays
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
myself; yourself; I; me; you
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
identification; ID; identity
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to rewrite; to overwrite; to renew; to transfer
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
escape; break-out; prolapse; proptosis
to try to ...; to be about to do ...; to decide to ...; to take as; to treat as; to use for; to suppose that (such) is the case
party (of people); set (of people); clan; family; fellow
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
many; numerous; large amount of; large quantity of; frequent; common
such; that sort of; that kind of; no way!; never!
fellow; guy; thing; object; he; she
mostly; ordinarily; probably; most; almost all; ordinary
failure; mistake; blunder
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to call out (to); to call; to summon (a doctor, etc.); to invite; to designate; to name; to garner (support, etc.)
re-education; retraining; in-service training
to give (time, money, goods); to donate; to do; to perform; to apply (processing, makeup, etc.); to add (e.g. ornamentation, annotation)
you; presence (of a god, nobleman, etc.)
escape; flight; breakout; fleeing; desertion
things like; something like; someone like; such a thing as; (the fact) that; to think that
to think (about, of); to think over; to consider; to bear in mind; to think (that); to believe; to intend (to do)
(some) more; even more; longer; further
high; tall; expensive; high-priced; high (level); above average (in degree, quality, etc.)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
prefix for forming ordinal numbers
class (e.g. school); grade; rank; kyū; kyu; junior rank in martial arts, go, shogi, etc.
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
if so; in that case; in that situation
before long; soon; almost; nearly; finally; in the end
layer; stratum; class; stratum; sheaf; counter for stories (of a building)
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
to live; to get along; to spend (time)
(in the) same boat; (sharing a) common destiny
what!; oh; what the heck; what the; damn
order; observance; discipline; rules; law; regulations
to throw into disorder; to disarrange; to disturb (order, peace, etc.); to corrupt (public morals); to dishevel (hair)
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)