indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
force; unit; corps; squad; troops; party
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
getting closer; drawing nearer; being not much different; being near (age, skill, etc.); becoming close (i.e. friendly); becoming intimate
medium; average; moderation; middle school; China; volume two (of three); during (a certain time when one did or is doing something)
company; lot; bunch; troupe; company (of musicians)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
first (of all); firstly; probably; most likely; more or less (satisfactory); on the whole
four; four years of age; ten o'clock (old time system); Burakumin; cross grips
enclosing wall; boundary fence; obstacle; barrier
gate (for entry, boarding, etc.); gate; logic element
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
it seems; I think; I guess; right?; don't you agree?
output (electrical, signal, etc.)
to abate; to weaken; to be emaciated; to be dejected; to be perplexed
now; the present time; just now; another; more
in one go; in one gulp; in one breath; immediately; instantly; right away
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to attach; to join; to furnish (a house with); to wear; to put on; to keep a diary; to make an entry
to finish; to stop; to close (a business, etc.); to close down; to put away; to put back
intention; plan; belief; assumption; estimate; estimation
that's the way it is; yes; is that so?; is it?
may; might; perhaps; may be; possibly
this way; this direction; here; this (one); I; me
intercept; interception; counter-attack
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
as was expected; just as one thought; sure enough; really; actually; ever
where; what place; how much (long, far); what extent
until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to
to hold (in one's hand); to take; to possess; to have; to maintain; to keep; to last
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
human being; human; person; character (of a person)
war; battle; match; game; competition
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
to get used to; to grow accustomed to; to become skilled in; to become experienced at; to become tame; to become domesticated
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)