here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
town; city; municipal; urban
bottom layer; undermost layer; lowest (societal) class; bottom (economic) stratum; lowest caste
department (in an organization); division; club; part; component; category
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
place; situation; position; location
dock; thorough physical examination
a short while ago; a moment ago; just now; some time ago
discourtesy; impoliteness; excuse me; goodbye; to leave; to be rude
Mary (mother of Jesus); the Virgin Mary; Mary (of Magdala); Mary Magdalene
Balthasar, Landgrave of Thuringia
to ask; to inquire; to blame (someone) for; to accuse of; to care about; to regard as important
somewhere; anywhere; in some respects
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
to hear; to listen (e.g. to music); to ask; to enquire; to hear about; to hear of; to follow (advice, order, etc.)
name; given name; title; fame; renown; pretext
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
narrow-minded; obstinate; stubborn; perverse; unreasonable; warped
grandfather (may be used after name as honorific); male senior-citizen (may be used after name as honorific)
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
same; identical; equal; anyway; anyhow; in either case
nonexistent; not being (there); not having; not
endorsing and questioning the preceding statement; lamenting reflections on the preceding statement
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to fiddle with; to monkey around with
a little; a bit; just a minute; for a moment; somewhat; rather; (not) easily
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
is not; am not; are not; isn't it?
sentence-ending particle expressing doubt
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
is that so? (generally rhetorical)
balcony; Spanish bar; Spanish-style restaurant with a counter, serving food, alcoholic drinks, and coffee