indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
underground; below the ground; world of the dead; the grave; underground (activities, movement, etc.); secret
spot; point; place; position
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
first; foremost; most important; best; greatest; above all
gate (for entry, boarding, etc.); gate; logic element
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen; to come about
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
interference; intervention; meddling
counter for waves (of a repeated occurrence)
by means of; due to; because of; according to
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
area; region; district; locality
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
guidance; leading; induction; introduction; incitement; inducement
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
use; application; employment; utilization; utilisation
to be due to; to be caused by; to depend on; to turn on; to be based on; to come from
just before; just prior to; right in front of; just in front of
until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to
manned; occupied; piloted
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to perform; to do; to conduct oneself; to carry out
you (people); gentlemen; ladies and gentlemen; my friends
pluralizing suffix; or so; rough indicator of direction, location, amount, etc.; nominalizing suffix
termination (of a contract); cancellation; rescinding; lifting (of a ban, sanctions, etc.); removal; release (from obligations)
opponent; rival; adversary; menace; danger; threat
close escort; close protection
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
to be hit; to strike; to touch; to be in contact; to be equivalent to; to be applicable; to be right on the money (of a prediction, criticism, etc.)
to receive; to take; to get someone to do something; to have in one's pocket (a fight, match); to contract (a disease); to catch
to have been decided (so) that; to have been arranged (so) that
what; how many; many; a lot of; several; a few
indicates a question; indicates an embedded question; indicates an indirect question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm
question; inquiry; enquiry