indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
laws of nature; physical laws; physics
attribute; property; context; character class, type, fetish, etc.
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
defense; defence; safeguard; protection
strength; power; proficiency; ability
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
chapter; section; medal; badge; insignia
prefix for forming ordinal numbers
effect; effectiveness; efficacy; effects (e.g. sound effects, visual effects, special effects)
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
attack; assault; raid; criticism; censure; denunciation
opponent; rival; adversary; menace; danger; threat
restoration; rehabilitation; recovery; recovery (from an illness); recuperation; convalescence
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
large; big; great; prominent; -sized; as big as; university
simple substance (e.g. chemical); something standing alone; separate item; solo item
decrease; reduction; decline
friend; ally; supporter; taking sides with; supporting; standing by
action; conduct; behaviour; behavior; mobilization; mobilisation
information; news; intelligence; information; data contained in characters, signals, code, etc.
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
speed; velocity; pace; velocity
to give (esp. to someone of lower status); to bestow; to provide; to afford; to assign; to cause
(direct) hit; hitting the mark
target; object (of worship, study, etc.); subject (of taxation, etc.)
man; male; fellow; guy; male lover; boyfriend
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
sorcery; black magic; netherworld; world outside the six realms where evil spirits roam
ice; shaved ice (usually served with flavored simple syrup)
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
town; block; street; road; 109.09 m; 0.99 hectares
(common) soldier; rank and file; army; troops; warfare; strategy
demon; devil; evil spirit; monster; goblin; apparition
whole; entirety; whatever (is the matter)
grant; allowance; endowment; bestowal; assignment; conferment
biggest; greatest; largest; maximum