indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
to stand; to rise; to find oneself (e.g. in a difficult position); to depart (on a plane, train, etc.)
picture; drawing; painting; image (TV, film, etc.); picture; footage
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
no good; not serving its purpose; hopeless; wasted; cannot; must not
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
indicates emotion or admiration; indicates emphasis; I; me; wah!; boo!
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to move; to stir; to operate; to run; to make a move; to take action; to be touched
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
to drink; to gulp; to smoke (tobacco); to engulf; to overwhelm; to keep down; to suppress
(another's) daughter; young lady (of pampered upbringing); woman who has never known hardship; naive woman
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
leaving a decision to someone else (often of a meal to be selected by the chef); omakase
to moisten; to wet; to profit; to enrich; to benefit
something; some; somehow; for some reason; (is there) something (you want, etc.)
to eat; to live on (e.g. a salary); to live off; to subsist on
very; greatly; immense; enormous; serious; grave
delicious; tasty; sweet; attractive; appealing; convenient
water (esp. cool, fresh water, e.g. drinking water); fluid (esp. in an animal tissue); liquid; flood; floodwaters; water offered to wrestlers just prior to a bout
fruit of a tree; nut; berry
(not) anything; (nothing) at all; and everything else; and all; (not) at all; (not) in the least
to discover; to find (e.g. an error in a book); to locate; to find (e.g. something missing); to be used to seeing; to be familiar with
yen (Japanese monetary unit); circle
large-size refuse (e.g. furniture, electrical goods); oversized garbage; bulky rubbish; useless man about the house; husband who is retired and considered a nuisance
recyclable garbage; recyclable waste
counter for small animals; counter for rolls of cloth (two han in size); (arch.) counter for horses; roll of cloth
burnable garbage; burnable waste
counter for articles; counter for military units; individual
nonburnable garbage; nonflammables
match (to light fire with)
cold (to the touch); chilly; icy; (emotionally) cold; coldhearted; unfeeling
pretty; lovely; clean; clear; completely; entirely
to get an upset stomach; to have diarrhea
how; in what way; how about
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become