indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
now; soon; already; yet; further; more
honorific/polite/humble prefix
still; as yet; (not) yet; more; (more) still; at least
to receive; to take; to get somebody to do something; to have in one's pocket (a fight, match); to contract (a disease); to catch
hand; arm; forepaw; foreleg; handle; hand; worker
to raise; to elevate; to do up (one's hair); to fly (a kite, etc.); to launch (fireworks, etc.); to land (a boat); to deep-fry
to teach; to instruct; to tell; to inform; to preach
from now on; after this; in the future; from here; from this point
to receive; to get; to eat; to drink; to be crowned with; to wear (on one's head)
to send (a thing); to dispatch; to take or escort (a person somewhere); to see off (a person); to bid farewell (to the departed); to bury; to spend (time)
to cut; to cut through; to sever (connections, ties); to turn off (e.g. the light); to terminate (e.g. a conversation); to hang up (the phone); to punch (a ticket)
please (give me); please (do for me)
to rise; to go up; to enter (esp. from outdoors); to come in; to enter (a school); to advance to the next grade; to get out (of water)
discourtesy; impoliteness; excuse me; goodbye; to leave; to be rude
please; kindly; by all means; certainly; here you are; to give
flower; blossom; cherry blossom; beauty; blooming (esp. of cherry blossoms); ikebana; hanafuda
to come; to go; to be (somewhere); to be (doing)
to borrow; to have a loan; to rent; to hire
to lend; to loan; to rent out; to hire out
father; dad; husband; you; he
luggage; baggage; burden; payload (of a packet, cell, etc.)
lovely; wonderful; nice; great; fantastic; superb
how; in what way; how about; questionable
present; gift; to give a present or gift
travel; trip; journey; excursion; tour
to take lessons in; to be taught; to learn (from a teacher); to study (under a teacher); to get training in
shirt (undergarment); undershirt; singlet; shirt (outerwear; usu. with collar and buttons)
local specialty or souvenir bought as a gift while travelling; present brought by a visitor; something unpleasant that one is given (e.g. an illness while on vacation); unwelcome gift
to telephone; to make a phone call
punch (with the fist); punching (a hole); hole punch; punch (drink); punch (in a song, speech, etc.); impact
scissors; shears; clippers; hole punch