rising; developing; emergent; burgeoning; new
to join hands; to join forces; to work in cooperation; to link up; to partner with
international; diplomatic intercourse
refined; genteel; graceful; decent
to take in; to gather in; to adopt (e.g. an idea); to accept (e.g. advice); to harvest; to reap
genuine; real; authentic; full-scale; full-blown; all-out
(the) mainstream; main course (of a river); main stream
culture; civilization; civilisation; Bunka era (1804.2.11-1818.4.22)
reference; example; inquiry (about a product, business deal, etc.); enquiry; being summoned to appear to court; witness
burden; load; responsibility; bearing (a cost, responsibility, etc.); shouldering
puzzled; perplexed; quizzical; dubious; suspicious
complex; complicated; intricate; mixed (feelings)
to twine; to get tangled; to be involved (e.g. of money in a matter); to get involved (in); to pick a quarrel (with); to find fault (with)
Grand Council of State (1868-1885); Department of State (under the ritsuryō system)
direct control; direct supervision
another; different; separate; discrete
Kasumigaseki; district of Tokyo where most of Japan's government ministry offices are located; government ministries (of Japan); Japanese government bureaucracy
positive; assertive; active; proactive; aggressive
water caltrop (esp. Trapa japonica); water chestnut; caltrop (weapon)
frank; candid; outspoken; unreserved
neighborhood; neighbourhood; vicinity; environs; surrounding area; district
maritime transport; shipping
right (to do something); authority; power
shipping industry; shipping business; marine transportation business
to stick; to paste; to stretch; to spread; to form (e.g. ice on a pond); to fill; to swell
(on) land; ground; shore; track and field; athletics
overdependence (on others; usu. one's fosterers or seniors); lack of self-reliance; presumed acceptance (of one's behaviour); presumed benevolence; attention-seeking (behavior)
one leaf (of a book bound in Japanese style); one block of tofu; one serving (in a restaurant); one long and narrow thing (e.g. a gun, scissors, spade, hoe, inkstick, palanquin, candle, jinrikisha, shamisen, oar); one chō (unit of distance, approx. 109.09 m); one game; one task
you (plural); all of you; you all
to be completed; to be finished; to be ready (e.g. to serve or eat); to be very drunk; to get plastered
land route; overland route; by land; overland
to close (one's eyes); to shut
harbor construction; man-made harbor