indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
country; state; region; national government; central government; home (i.e. hometown, home country); province (of Japan)
last; final; closing; last train (bus, flight, etc.; of the day)
war potential; military strength; fighting power; ability (to compete); capabilities; valuable asset
surrender; capitulation; submission; yield
white; blank (e.g. paper); uncolored; innocent; not guilty; (arch.) bright
to shine; to sparkle; to twinkle; to light up (with happiness, hope, etc.); to beam; to gleam
cold; chill; cold weather; cold wave; cold air
to be visible to; to be seen by; to meet one's eyes
sea of trees; broad expanse of dense woodland; abundant leafage
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
earth; ground; the solid earth; the (vast) land
everything; all; the whole; entirely; completely; wholly
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
ice; shaved ice (usually served with flavored simple syrup)
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
to shut; to close; to block (a street, entrance, etc.); to shut in (with snow, ice, etc.); to shut off; to consume (with negative feelings)
the world; society; sphere; circle; world-renowned; world-famous
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
sword (esp. a large, double-edged one); blade; bayonet; swordsmanship; stinger; ovipositor
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to clasp; to grasp; to hold (the answer); to have (e.g. the solution); to seize (power); to hold (the reins)
vivid; bright; brilliant; skillful; skilful; adroit
king; ruler; tycoon; magnate; king (of the senior player)
to put on; to wear; to be clothed in; to be clad in; to be dressed in; to be wrapped in
girl (usu. between 7 and 17); young lady; (arch.) female between 17 and 20 years old (ritsuryō period)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
at the same time; at once; just as ...; the moment ...; (but) at the same time; as well as
in that way; thus; so; the same; so?
to tell; to inform; to announce; to indicate; to signal; to mark
swordsman; swordswoman; fencer
name; given name; first name
to hear; to listen (e.g. to music); to ask; to enquire; to hear about; to hear of; to follow (advice, order, etc.)
to put; to place; to leave (behind); to establish (an organization, a facility, a position, etc.); to set up; to appoint (someone to a certain position); to hire
I wonder; do you think?; I might; some kind; some stage; somehow
common crossbill (Loxia curvirostra)
fast (talking); rapid; quick-tongued
when one was a very young child; very early in one's life
from; since; through (e.g. a window, door); via; because; as; from (as in "made from")
severe; harsh; hard; cruel; rigorous
training; drill; practice; discipline