illustration appearing in the first pages of a publication; frontispiece
text (of a book, document, etc.); body (of a letter); this passage; this sentence
illustration; picture; sketch; drawing; figure
cat (esp. the domestic cat, Felis catus); shamisen; geisha; wheelbarrow; clay bed-warmer; bottom; submissive partner of a homosexual relationship
saucepan; pot; stew; hot pot
blue; azure; green; green light (traffic); black (horse coat color); blue 5-point card; immature
sky; heaven; God; svarga (heaven-like realm visited as a stage of death and rebirth); deva (divine being of Buddhism); top (of a book); sole (of a Japanese sandal)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to challenge to (a fight, game, etc.); to throw down the gauntlet; to tackle (e.g. a problem); to attempt; to pressure (someone) for sex; to make advances to
thing; object; one's things; possessions; things; something; quality
earth; soil; the earth (historically, esp. as opposed to the heavens); the ground; low-quality torinoko-gami (containing mud); (period of) refraining from construction in the direction of the god of the earth (in Onmyōdō)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
to be heard; to be audible; to be said to be; to be reputed
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; not; 's
seems; I think; I guess; don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!
couscous; cuscus (variety of phalanger)
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
laugh; laughter; smile; sneer; sex aids (e.g. dildos, pornographic books, erotic woodblock prints, etc.)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to bear; to stand; to restrain; to control; to forgive; to put up with
like; similar to; (I) think (that); (I) have a feeling (that); feels like; feels similar to
boy; juvenile; young boy; youth; lad
certainly; of course; even if; no matter (who, what, when, where, why, how); without even; without so much as; at the (least, earliest, etc.)
little girl; maiden; young lady; (arch.) female between 17 and 20 years old (ritsuryo period)
to be attached; to be connected with; to remain imprinted; to scar; to bear (fruit, interest, etc.); to be acquired (of a habit, ability, etc.); to increase (of strength, etc.)
neutrality (incl. chemical, electrical, etc.); indifference; sexlessness; androgyny; neuter gender
-ical; -ive; -like; -ish; (something) like; along the lines of
voice; singing (of a bird); chirping (of an insect); voice; opinion (as expressed in words); sound; sense (of something's arrival)
to resound; to be heard far away; to reverberate; to shake; to come (home); to remain (with someone)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
floor; stage (for the narrator and the shamisen player); dining platform built across a river
tatami mat; Japanese straw floor coverings
to cover a surface; to spread all over; to blanket; to lay
large room; green room; waiting room for performers when off stage; junior actor; actor of small parts; large hospital room (for several patients)
exotic mood; exotic atmosphere; exoticism
to often be the case; to occur frequently; to be common; to be popular
room; chamber; apartment; flat; stable
to burn; to kindle; to heat (a bath); to light (a stove); to use (a camera flash)
cinnabar; vermillion; red pigment (and ink made from same); red text (as used to correct documents)
basic tone; underlying tone; trend; keynote