to visit; to call on; to arrive (season, time, situation, etc.); to come; (arch.) to make a sound; (arch.) to send a letter
in front (of); before (e.g. a building); before; earlier; (the) front; frontal part; forward
black ships; Western ships that came to Japan between the 16th and 19th centuries, esp. those of the Perry Expedition in 1853; foreign disruptor (of the Japanese market); product, person, etc. arriving from the West and disturbing the Japanese market
arrival of ships (from abroad); arrival by ship
emperor (of Japan); mikado; (the gates of an) imperial residence
deep; profound; dense; thick; close (relationship); intense; strong
honorific/polite/humble prefix
trouble; troubles; worry; distress; sorrows; anguish
that being the case; because of ...; the reason is ...; given that ...
assistance; backing; reinforcements
to invite; to ask (someone to do); to tempt; to lure; to induce (tears, laughter, sleepiness, etc.); to arouse (e.g. sympathy)
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
Ansei era (1854.11.27-1860.3.18)
ship; boat; tank; tub; counter for boat-shaped containers (e.g. of sashimi)
towards; against; regarding; in contrast with
by means of; due to; because of; according to
various; varied; diverse; all sorts of
disorder; chaos; confusion; mayhem
Tokugawa shogunate (i.e. the Edo shogunate, 1603-1867)
still; as yet; (not) yet; more; (more) still; at least
lack of policy; having no measures; lacking means
today; this day; these days; recently; nowadays
next (year, spring, etc.); coming; since (last month, etc.); for (20 years, etc.)
village; hamlet; countryside; country
one person; being alone; being by oneself; being single; being unmarried; by oneself
head (of a household, etc.); leader; owner; proprietor; subject (of a rumour, etc.); doer (of a deed); guardian spirit (e.g. long-resident beast, usu. with mystical powers)
plan; meter; measuring device; (in) total; total (of)
studying abroad; travelling to study; traveling to study
(approximate) time; around; suitable time (or condition); time of year; season
master; teacher; stable master
to be hit; to strike; to touch; to be in contact; to be equivalent to; to be applicable; to be right on the money (of a prediction, criticism, etc.)
how many times; how many degrees (temperature, angle, etc.)
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
to meet; to face someone; to co-star; to appear together; to be matched; to face against
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
to discuss; to talk together
to hear; to listen (e.g. to music); to ask; to enquire; to hear about; to hear of; to follow (advice, order, etc.)
(for something) to have occurred; to have done (something); (for something) to happen on occasion
smoky; awkward; ill at ease
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible