great person; outstanding talent; hero
to rub; to crumple; to massage; to argue; to have a heated discussion; to train; to coach
hairy caterpillar; woolly bear; pest; nudnik (nudnick)
alteration (of character or essence); change in quality; transformation; deterioration; degeneration; transmutation
December; twelfth month of the lunar calendar
command; order; dictation; nth year in the Reiwa era (May 1, 2019-)
Kyoto-Osaka; Kyoto and Osaka
disquieting; threatening; turbulent; restless; unsettled; disturbing
approach (to a castle gate); front of a structural member
to appease; to suppress; to calm
clean sweep; purging; doing away with; eradication
yours sincerely; respectfully yours
palace gate; imperial palace
stillness; quiet; peacefulness
literally; to the letter; literal
evil spirit; demon; devil
to begin (doing); to start (doing)
to fall (of rain, snow, ash, etc.); to come down; to form (of frost); to beam down (of sunlight or moonlight); to pour in; to visit (of luck, misfortune, etc.)
pre-existing; already there; conventional
society; public; community; social studies
closing of a gate; (Edo-period) house confinement
keeping house; being confined to one's house
lukewarm; tepid; half-hearted; vague; lenient; mild
capital crime; crime resulting in a death penalty
then; in that case; considering; if that is the case; if so
preparedness for death; do-or-die spirit
end; close; finish; noh dance in plain clothes
decapitation; decapitated head
indicates the target of an activity; -ee (e.g. employee, examinee, trustee)
penalty; sentence; punishment
dependents; family members that one has to support; encumbrances; things that tie one down
(college) president; secretary-general
promotion; raising of status
rank; ranking order; hierarchy
offering an opinion (to a superior, the government, etc.); proposal; suggestion; advice
pain; anguish; suffering; duhkha (suffering)
cause; seed; variety; kind; counter for varieties
official title; name of one's job
echo; reverberation; sound (esp. the distinctive sound of an object or activity, e.g. rain, gun, gallop, drum); noise; quality of a sound (e.g. a fine phrase, clear voice, resonant bell); feeling of a sound
superior; first-class; excellent; (that's) just fine!; bring it on!
substance; essence; real (in economics, vs. nominal, e.g. real interest rate); substantive; substantial
individual; private person; personal; private