to approach the year end; to be jammed tight
the New Year begins; the New Year starts
New Year's Day; New Year's morning; morning of New Year's Day
(arch.) peoples formerly of northern Japan with distinct language and culture (i.e. the Ainu); provincial (i.e. a person who lives far from the city); brutish, unsophisticated warrior (esp. used by Kyoto samurai to refer to samurai from eastern Japan); foreigner; barbarian
white sandbar; white sandbank; area in a garden or entrance of a house laid with white sand or pebbles; gravel separating a noh stage from the audience; (arch.) court of law in the Edo period, in which the parties sat on white sand
with an extreme cold (i.e. temperature); lonelily; lonesomely; (acting) coldly (toward someone)
(arch.) chinaberry; (arch.) Japanese bead tree (Melia azedarach); light purple outside, green inside; purple outside, light purple inside; type of garment layering color scheme, worn in April and May
Earth Dragon (5th year of the sexagenary cycle, e.g. 1928, 1988, 2048)
sending to the rear (esp. a soldier); evacuation from the front; sending later
to get impatient; to become irritated; to fret; to chafe
advance party; advance team; advance group; vanguard unit
Kyoto-Osaka; Kyoto and Osaka
the direction of Kyoto; Kansai area; citizens of Kyoto; nobles
piercing (cold); biting (wind)
to boil down; to concentrate (soup, milk, stock, etc.); to reach a conclusion; to conclude a discussion
military history; military annals
unprecedented; never seen before
luxury; extravagance; to live in luxury; to indulge oneself; lavish (use of something); abundant
Anglo-Satsuma War (1863); Bombardment of Kagoshima
assignment (of a person to somewhere); attachment (of a person to another unit, organization, etc.)
Russo-Japanese War (1904-5)
(field) marshal; (fleet) admiral; general of the army
to be lacking in options; to be too few
by the way; meanwhile; on the other hand
town area; urban area; metropolitan area; built-up area
Kyoto style; urbanity; refinement
city planning; urban planning; town planning
intersection on a go board
kind; sort; type; equal; match; peer
street fighting; urban warfare
commander-in-chief; supreme commander; captain (of a team)
craftsman; artisan; workman; carpenter
Yamada Akiyoshi (1844.11.18-1892.11.11)
major general; rear admiral; air commodore
administration; governance; the authorities; authority
to turn; to shift; to alter; to distract
successive jobs; consecutive jobs