elementary school; primary school; school for children over eight years old in ancient China; traditional Chinese philology
sky; heaven; God; svarga (heaven-like realm visited as a stage of death and rebirth); deva (divine being of Buddhism); top (of a book); sole (of a Japanese sandal)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
red; crimson; Red; communist; (arch.) beautiful
river; stream; River; the ... river
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
side (esp. of a waterbody); edge; bank; shore
supplementary biography; anecdote; side story; spin-off
demon; devil; evil spirit; -crazed person; -obsessed person; fiend
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
time; hour; occasion; case; chance; opportunity
charge; cost; generation; age; era; a representative of; on behalf of
daybreak; dawn; gray of the morning (grey); dawn (of a new age)
author (usu. of a particular book); writer
illustration; picture; sketch; drawing; figure
table of contents; contents
century; era; of the century (e.g. fight of the century)
the present; present time; as of; present tense; this world; this life
earth; ground; place; territory; bottom (of a package, book, etc.); earth (one of the five elements)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to play a leading role; to play a central part
to boast of; to be proud of; to take pride in
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
veteran; old-timer; experienced person
to apply pressure from above; to press down; to overwhelm; to overpower; to repress
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
rise (e.g. of a movement); emergence; rearing one's head; gaining prominence; coming to the fore; gaining power
large country; major nation; great power; province of the highest rank (ritsuryo system)
together with; as X, then Y (e.g. as we age we gain wisdom, as wine matures it becomes more valuable, etc.)
to divide into three (parts); to trisect
one large ...; a great ...