elementary school; primary school; school for children over eight years old in ancient China; traditional Chinese philology
the world; society; sphere; circle; world-renowned; world-famous
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
center; centre; middle; -centered; -centred; -focused
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
love; affection; attachment; craving; agape; Ireland
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to shout; to cry; to scream; to clamor (for or against); to clamour (for or against)
Katayama Kyouichi (1959.1.5-)
chapter one; first chapter
morning; breakfast; (arch.) next morning
to wake up; to awake; to perk up; to awaken (to the truth, etc.); to come to a realization; to come to one's senses
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to cry; to weep; to sob; to howl
always; all the time; never; usual; regular
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
sad; miserable; unhappy; sad; lamentable; deplorable
whether or not (in phrases like "I don't know whether or not I can come")
even; (if) only; just; besides; on top of that
now; soon; already; yet; further; more
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
tear; tears; lachrymal secretion; sympathy
together (with); at the same time; in a lump
emotion; feeling; feelings; sentiment
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
somewhere; anywhere; in some respects
to stream; to flow (liquid, time, etc.); to be washed away; to be carried; to drift; to float (e.g. clouds); to sweep (e.g. rumour, fire)
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
for a moment; for a minute; for a while; for some time; for the time being; for now
futon; Japanese bedding consisting of a mattress and a duvet; round cushion used for Zen meditation (traditionally made of woven bulrush leaves)
inside; interior; among; within; middle; center; during
dimly; faintly; absentmindedly; vacantly; idly; aimlessly
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to come along; to come around; to turn up; to arrive at the present; to get where one is; to have been doing something (for a period of time)
slowly; quietly; steadily; soon; momentarily; before long
to get up; to rise; to wake up; to be awake; to occur (usu. of unfavourable incidents); to happen
such ... as; or some such
to fall (of rain, snow, ash, etc.); to come down; to form (of frost); to beam down (of sunlight or moonlight); to pour in; to visit (of luck, misfortune, etc.)
freezing (e.g. water); freezing (prices, wages, assets, etc.); moratorium; suspension (e.g. investment)
white; innocence; innocent person; blank space; white go stone; white dragon tile; skewered grilled pig intestine
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
approximately; about; to (about) the extent that; (almost) enough that; as ... as ...; like