stone; jewel; precious stone; flint (in a lighter); stone (in go); stone (in the bladder, kidney etc.); calculus
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
pillow; bolster; introduction (e.g. to a rakugo story); lead-in
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
to talk about; to speak of; to recite; to chant; to indicate; to show
to try to ...; to be about to do ...; to decide to ...; to take as; to treat as; to use for; to suppose that (such) is the case
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
one person; being alone; being by oneself; being single; being unmarried; by oneself
woman; female; feminine gender
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
indicates word or phrase being defined; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); with; (not) as much as; (not) so much as; the fact that
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
concerning; regarding; per (e.g. 100 yen per person); for every
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
really; truly; indeed; good grief
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
approximately; about; to (about) the extent that; (almost) enough that; as ... as ...; like
to happen to have on hand or in stock
name; given name; first name
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
face; visage; look; expression; honor; honour
after all; because; but; even; too; as well
to recall; to remember; to recollect
again; once more; also; too; on the other hand; while; and
opposite side; other side; over there; that way; the other party; the other person
perhaps; likely; probably; I dare say
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to memorize; to memorise; to learn; to pick up; to feel; to think
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
be supposed or expected to (do); be sure to (do); ought to (do)
to meet (by chance); to come across; to meet (e.g. of rivers, highways, etc.); to emerge and engage (an enemy)
time; hour; occasion; case; chance; opportunity
university; college; former central university of Kyoto (established under the ritsuryo system for the training of government administrators); the Great Learning (one of the Four Books)
second-year student; biennial
still; as yet; (not) yet; more; (more) still; at least
also; too; not ... either; (it's not possible) no matter what; although one might wish otherwise
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
to be (animate); to be; to be ..ing; to (have the audacity to) do
perhaps; probably; generous; many; much
middle; halfway; half (of); one half; half (e.g. done, jokingly); partly