prefix for forming ordinal numbers
compilation (of a text); editing; volume (of a text); completed literary work
one; 1; best; first; foremost; beginning; start
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to take (someone) with one; to bring along; to go with; to be accompanied by
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
under (guidance, supervision, rules, the law, etc.); under (a flag, the sun, etc.); beneath; with (e.g. one blow); on (the promise, condition, assumption, etc. that ...); (somebody's) side
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
person; someone; human beings; mankind; human (Homo sapiens); (other) people; others
to send (a thing); to dispatch; to take or escort (a person somewhere); to see off (a person); to bid farewell (to the departed); to bury; to spend (time)
territory; dominion; grounds (e.g. school)
house; residence; family; household; lineage; family name
already completed (arrived, happened, etc.)
ruin; destruction; devastation; waste; decay
that being the case; because of ...; the reason is ...; given that ...
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
wife; (arch.) my dear; (arch.) dear; garnish (esp. one served with sashimi); embellishment
together with; as X, then Y (e.g. as we age we gain wisdom, as wine matures it becomes more valuable, etc.)
myself; yourself; I; me; you
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
place; spot; address; district; area; one's house; point
to pass (time); to spend; to overdo (esp. of one's alcohol consumption); to drink (alcohol); (arch.) to take care of; (arch.) to support
in order to (e.g. meet goal); so that; take care (so as); hoping or wishing for something
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
plan; project; schedule; scheme; program; programme
family; members of a family
together (with); at the same time; in a lump
rural area; countryside; the sticks; hometown
to be able (to); to be possible (to)
what kind of; what sort of; what; no matter what (kind of); whatever; any
happiness; well-being; joy; welfare; blessedness
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
to become known; to come to light; to be known; to be understood; to clearly not amount to much; to be insignificant