illustration appearing in the first pages of a publication; frontispiece
text (of a book, document, etc.); body (of a letter); this passage; this sentence
illustration; picture; sketch; drawing; figure
prologue; prolog; Prolog (Programming in Logic)
(another's) daughter; young lady (of pampered upbringing); woman who has never known hardship; naive woman
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
hill; height; knoll; bonus points awarded to the winner at the end of a game
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to ascend; to go up; to ascend (as a natural process, e.g. the Sun); to rise; to go to (the capital); to be promoted; to add up to
indicates supposition; if ... then; when; (typically after someone's name) indicates exasperation
to take; to pick up; to pass; to hand; to get; to obtain; to adopt (a method, proposal, etc.)
that being the case; because of ...; the reason is ...; given that ...
now; soon; already; yet; further; more
for a moment; for a minute; for a while; for some time; for the time being; for now
honorific/polite/humble prefix
to wait; to await; to look forward to; to depend on; to need
please (give me); please (do for me)
yes; that is correct; understood; I see; present; here; pardon?
I'm sorry; my apologies; excuse me; pardon me
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
stamina; endurance; physical strength; strength of an organization (e.g. profitability, productivity, economic clout, stability, growth potential)
to attach; to join; to furnish (a house with); to wear; to put on; to keep a diary; to make an entry
to put; to place; to leave (behind); to establish (an organization, a facility, a position, etc.); to set up; to appoint (someone to a certain position); to hire
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
both (hands, parents, sides, etc.); counter for carriages (e.g. in a train); counter for vehicles; ryō; tael; ryō; pre-Meiji unit of currency, orig. the value of one ryō of gold
house; residence; family; household; lineage; family name
combination; union; incorporation; congruence
popular name; common name; nickname; alias
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
anyhow; at any rate; anyway; somehow or other; generally speaking; in any case
pretty; charming; lovely; adorable
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)