ruff; ruffled collar; ruffed collar
bamboo wall-top spikes (or wood, iron); spikes placed at the top of a wall to repel thieves
military aggression; military invasion
common; in the usual course
to fall out and be replaced; to shed; to moult (molt)
loot; booty; plunder; spoils
to make (a promise); to conclude (a contract); to act as a go-between; to act as mediator; to curry favour with
to be superior; to surpass
calisthenics; callisthenics
to be flurried; to be confused; to lose one's head
to bilk; to eat up one's fortune
highest honours; highest distinction; summa cum laude
to have a perverse character; to have a twisted personality
change of colour; changing colours; differently coloured (but otherwise similar); different; unusual
countryman; provincial; person from the country; provincial person; bumpkin; hick
owning nothing except the clothes on one's back
garland; festoon (of flowers)
to live on air; to live on nothing; to live without a means of income
to incur the wrath of god (e.g. by speaking ill of somebody behind their back); to get into trouble; to warp one's mouth
cause of offense; cause of offence; annoyance; spasms; convulsions; cramps
not serious; frivolous; insincere; unsteady
to carry over; to carry forward; to keep (for later); to defer
to bend one's head slightly to one side; to look slightly doubtful
rapid succession (e.g. questions)
head (of a Japanese pipe, i.e. the bowl and shank); neck; head
election by mutual vote; election from within a committee (party, etc.); internal vote
(incense) pastille; round cake of incense, esp. used in incense ceremony
half-wit; fool; simpleton
sobering up; method of sobering up
to fade; to lose colour (color); to discolour (discolor)
to make an incessant onslaught; to attack incessantly
getting nowhere; becoming uncontrollable; getting out of hand; remaining unsatisfied
to put one's life on the line
conflict resolution; dispute resolution
to recover; to rally; to improve; to pick up
to add to one's experience; to become skillful