illustration appearing in the first pages of a publication; frontispiece
text (of a book, document, etc.); body (of a letter); this passage; this sentence
illustration; picture; sketch; drawing; figure
fox (esp. the red fox, Vulpes vulpes); fox (i.e. a sly person); soba or udon topped with deep-fried tofu; light brown; golden brown
mark; sign; symbol; emblem; badge; crest
binding (of a book); design (of a book cover)
goal; target; aim; mark; sign; landmark
street; road; traffic; coming and going; flow (of water, air, etc.); passage; transmission (of sound)
prefix for forming ordinal numbers
counter for occurrences; a time; an instance; inning (baseball); round; episode; chapter
final selection (in a competition, match, etc.)
best; supreme; wonderful; highest; maximum; most
degree of difficulty; difficulty level
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
to challenge to (a fight, game, etc.); to throw down the gauntlet; to tackle (e.g. a problem); to attempt; to pressure (someone) for sex; to make advances to
to be able (to); to be possible (to)
maple (Acer spp.); maple tree
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
tree; shrub; wood; timber; wooden clappers (signalling the beginning or end of a performance)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
time; hour; period; class
acceleration; speeding up
under (influence, control, conditions, etc. of); during (war, occupation, etc.)
business; task; use; purpose; for the use of ...; used for ...
field; field; meadow; field (of interest, study, etc.); field; field (in a form, web page, etc.)
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
Sunday; nth day (of the month); counter for days; Japan
interval; period of time; among; between; good opportunity; chance
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
to have been decided (so) that; to have been arranged (so) that
to receive; to take; to get someone to do something; to have in one's pocket (a fight, match); to contract (a disease); to catch
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
existence; being; life; survival
depending on; dependent on
good; advantage; sake; purpose; consequence; result
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
important; essential; significant; major; key; principal
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
from the standpoint of; from the viewpoint of; on; above; the best; top