illustration appearing in the first pages of a publication; frontispiece
text (of a book, document, etc.); body (of a letter); this passage; this sentence
illustration; picture; sketch; drawing; figure
fox (esp. the red fox, Vulpes vulpes); fox (i.e. a sly person); soba or udon topped with deep-fried tofu; light brown; golden brown
mark; sign; symbol; emblem; badge; crest
binding (of a book); design (of a book cover)
prologue; prolog; Prolog (Programming in Logic)
goal; target; aim; mark; sign; landmark
avenue; street; coming and going; street traffic; flow (of water, air, etc.); transmission (of sound); reach (e.g. of voice)
prefix for forming ordinal numbers
counter for occurrences; a time; an instance; inning (baseball); round; episode; chapter
book; volume; this; present; main; head
war; battle; match; game; competition
most; highest; maximum; best; wonderful; finest
degree of difficulty; difficulty level
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to challenge to (a fight, game, etc.); to throw down the gauntlet; to tackle (e.g. a problem); to attempt; to pressure (someone) for sex; to make advances to
to be able (to); to be possible (to)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
tree; shrub; bush; wood; timber
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
time; hour; period; class
acceleration; speeding up
under (influence, control, conditions, etc. of); during (war, occupation, etc.)
business; task; use; purpose; for the use of ...; used for ...
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
to have been decided (so) that; to have been arranged (so) that
to receive; to take; to get somebody to do something; to have in one's pocket (a fight, match); to contract (a disease); to catch
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
existence; being; survival; to exist; to live; to survive
depending on; dependent on
good; advantage; sake; purpose; consequence; result
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
important; momentous; essential; principal; major
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
from the standpoint of; as a matter of (e.g. fact); aboard (a ship or vehicle); on top of; first volume (e.g. book); superior quality; best