indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
(one's) older brother; lad; sonny
wanted; wished for; in need of; I want (you) to
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
elementary school; primary school; school for children over eight years old in ancient China; traditional Chinese philology
year; counter for years (e.g. of an era), grades (e.g. school); period of an apprentice's contract (usu. ten years)
school route; street for students going to and from school (esp. on foot)
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
canteen; flask; water bottle; thermos
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to drink; to gulp; to smoke (tobacco); to engulf; to overwhelm; to keep down; to suppress
tide; current; sea water; opportunity; chance
shallows; shoal; rapids; current; position; place
Lord; Highness; (arch.) you
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to one's heart's content; as much as one wants; as hard as one can; resolution; decisiveness; determination
to choke; to be choked by; to be stifled by
at that time; at that moment; then; on that occasion
what kind of; what sort of; what; no matter what (kind of); whatever; any
face; visage; look; expression; honor; honour
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
seems; I think; I guess; don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!
to spread; to extend; to unfold; to open; to scatter about; to spread around
footpath; walkway; sidewalk
above; up; top; summit; surface; before; previous
to advance; to go forward; to precede; to go ahead (of); to make progress; to improve; to deepen
while; during; while; although; all; both
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
to feel (as if); to have a feeling (that); to have a hunch (that); to feel like doing; to want to do
clearly; plainly; distinctly; to be clear; to be definite; to be certain
indicates word or phrase being defined; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); with; (not) as much as; (not) so much as; the fact that
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
to continue; to keep up; to keep on
after all; because; but; even; too; as well
look!; look out!; hey!; look at me!; there you are!
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
cute; adorable; dear; precious; innocent; childlike