indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
to die; to pass away; to lose spirit; to lose vigor; to cease; to stop
science (natural sciences and related fields, incl. mathematics, engineering, medicine, etc.); faculties of science, engineering, medicine, etc. (at a university); science (as a school subject)
lesson; class; teaching; instruction; classwork; schoolwork
to begin; to start; to happen (again); to begin (anew); to date (from); to originate (in)
to try to ...; to be about to do ...; to decide to ...; to take as; to treat as; to use for; to suppose that (such) is the case
time; hour; occasion; case; chance; opportunity
probably not; probably won't; intend not to; will not; trying not to; attempting not to; whether you ... or not
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
office work; clerical work; administration; business; affairs
older sister; elder sister; young lady; miss; ma'am; older girl
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
to call out (to); to call; to summon (a doctor, etc.); to invite; to designate; to name; to garner (support, etc.)
immediately; at once; soon; before long; easily; readily
mother; mom; wife; you (of an elderly person older than the speaker); she
to come to meet (someone); to come to pick up
from; since; through (e.g. a window, door); via; because; as; from (as in "made from")
to return; to come home; to leave (of a guest, customer, etc.); to get home; to get to home plate
preparation; arrangements; getting ready; provision; setup; reserving
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
place; spot; address; district; area; one's house; point
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
to wait; to await; to look forward to; to depend on; to need
like; as; so that; in order that; be sure to; I hope (that)
to be called ...; to be referred to as ...
what; how many; many; a lot of; several; a few
indicates a question; indicates an embedded question; indicates an indirect question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm
to be decided; to be settled; to be unchanging; to be the same (as always); to be a fixed rule; to be destined; to be well executed (of a manoeuvre in a sport, game, etc.)
to cut; to cut through; to sever (connections, ties); to turn off (e.g. the light); to terminate (e.g. a conversation); to hang up (the phone); to punch (a ticket)
tedious; boring; dull; to feel bored; to get bored (with); to get tired (of)
everyday; daily; ordinary; usual; routine; regular
abrupt; sudden; unexpected
to change; to be transformed; to move to; to be different; to be uncommon
of the time; at the time; of the hour; in vogue; sought after
anxiety; uneasiness; worry; apprehension; fear; insecurity
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
expectation; anticipation; hope; promising; rising; up-and-coming
mixture; jumble; blend; making a cord by entwining threads of various colours
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed