indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
sky; heaven; God; svarga (heaven-like realm visited as a stage of death and rebirth); deva (divine being of Buddhism); top (of a book); sole (of a Japanese sandal)
festival; feast; harassment by an Internet pitchfork mob; online shaming; galore (as in "goals galore"); frenzy
assistant; associate; duplicate; copy; adverb
action committee; executive committee
head; chief; merit; strong point; superiority; major
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
to; traditional unit of volume, approx. 18 litres; square bearing block (at the top of a pillar); Chinese "Dipper" constellation (one of the 28 mansions); third string of a koto (counting from the player's near side)
the whole school; all the schools
pupil; student; schoolchild
to gather; to collect; to assemble
on a stage; on a platform; on an altar
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to be open (to traffic); to lead (to); to flow (of a liquid, current, etc.); to pass (through); to be conveyed (of an intention, meaning, etc.); to be understood (by); to be well versed (in)
light; easy; non-serious; minor
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
first-year student; first-year pupil; beginner; novice; annual; annual plant
this sort of; this kind of; like this; such
important task; important role; major part (in a film, play, etc.); leading role; high-scoring combination
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
thump-thump; bang-bang; pit-a-pat; to beat fast (of one's heart); to throb; to pound
as a matter of fact; by the way; to tell you the truth; to be honest; frankly; actually
junior high school student; middle school pupil
(approximate) time; around; suitable time (or condition); time of year; season
guest; visitor; customer; client; shopper
as (i.e. in the role of); for (i.e. from the viewpoint of); apart from ... (used to change the topic); even (e.g. "not even a single person"); thinking that ...; trying to ...
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
(for something) to have occurred; to have done (something); (for something) to happen on occasion
continuously; the whole time; much (more); (by) far; far (away); long (ago, before, after)
yearning; longing; aspiration; adoration; admiration
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
in one's own way or style
the best one can do; one's best effort; with all one's might; to the best of one's ability; as hard as possible
to persevere; to persist; to insist that; to stick to (one's opinion); to remain in a place; to stick to one's post
because; as; since; because of that; therefore; accordingly
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
memories; recollections; reminiscence
to make; to produce; to prepare (food); to brew (alcohol); to raise; to grow; to till
please remember me; please help me; please treat me well; please do; please take care of