prologue; prolog; Prolog (Programming in Logic)
junior high school; middle school; lower secondary school
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
spring; springtime; New Year; prime (of life); height (of one's prosperity); adolescence
participants; participating athletes
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to decide; to choose; to clinch (a victory); to decide (the outcome of a match); to persist in doing; to go through with; to always do
district; section; sector
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
outside; exterior; the open (air); other place; somewhere else
business; task; use; purpose; for the use of ...; used for ...
sports ground; sports oval
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to be open (to traffic); to lead to; to flow (liquid, current); to pass; to be understood; to be comprehended; to be honored
road; path; route; way; distance; journey; road (e.g. to victory)
on the way; en route; in the middle of; midway; halfway
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
to become used to seeing; to be familiar with
red; red color (colour); red-colored; red; communism; the left
jersey (fabric); jersey; (sports) uniform; Jersey (cattle)
to wear (in modern Japanese, from the shoulders down); to put on; to bear (guilt, etc.)
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
same; similar; (just) like; equal
red; crimson; Red; communist; (arch.) beautiful
large quantity; massive (quantity); mass (e.g. mass production, mass transit, mass destruction)
to hold in one's arms; to carry in one's arms; to have (problems, debts, etc.); to take on (a responsibility); to employ; to have (on one's staff)
while; during; while; although; all; both
unsteadily (walking); waddling; staggeringly; totteringly
arm; skill; efforts; ability
inside; interior; among; within; middle; center; during
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
perhaps; likely; probably; I dare say
same; identical; equal; anyway; anyhow; in either case