above; up; top; summit; surface; before; previous
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to arrive at (e.g. a decision); to reach (a stage); to lead to (a place); to get to; in the extreme case of; (arch.) to come
road; path; route; way; distance; journey; road (e.g. to victory)
indicates word or phrase being defined; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); with; (not) as much as; (not) so much as; the fact that
any kind of; every; whatsoever; whatever
variety; kind; type; counter for kinds, species, etc.
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
(practical) experience; personal experience; hands-on experience; first-hand experience
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to hold (in one's hand); to take; to possess; to have; to maintain; to keep; to last
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
chapter one; first chapter
parking lot; car park; carpark; parking garage
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
promise; agreement; convention; rule; destiny; fate
time; hour; period; class
than; from; out of; except; but; more
early; a little earlier than usual; a little faster than usual; slightly quicker
to arrive at; to reach; to sit on; to sit at (e.g. the table)
car; automobile; vehicle; wheel
to descend (e.g. a mountain); to go down; to alight (e.g. from bus); to get off; to step down; to retire; to be granted
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
moisture; humidity; dampness
many; numerous; large amount of; large quantity of; frequent; common
to contain; to comprise; to hold in the mouth; to bear in mind; to understand; to express (emotion, etc.)
July; seventh month of the lunar calendar
deep (colour); dark; strong (flavour, smell, etc.); thick (consistency); dense; strong (possibility, etc.)
darkness; the dark; bewilderment; despair; hidden place; secrecy
to wrap up; to pack; to cover; to envelop; to conceal (a feeling); to hide
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
in deep black; in jet black
heavy; weighty; heavy (feeling); depressed; slow; sluggish; important (position, responsibility, etc.)
to feel; to sense; to experience
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
choking; suffocating; stifling; oppressive; heavy
to memorize; to memorise; to learn; to pick up; to feel; to think
star (usu. not including the Sun); planet (usu. not including Earth); star (glyph, symbol, shape); star (actor, player, etc.); small dot; spot; star point (in go)
to leave; to exit; to leave (on a journey); to depart; to move forward; to come to; to get to
to look up at; to raise one's eyes; to look up to; to admire; to respect