strong spirit; mettle; backbone; guts; fighting spirit
to mount (animal behaviour); to assert dominance
to feel irritated; to feel offended; to feel angry; to feel sick; to feel nauseous
national language; Japanese language (often as a school subject in Japan); native Japanese words (as opposed to loanwords)
to make a mistake (in); to commit an error (e.g. in calculation); to confuse; to mistake something for something else
perfect score; full marks; extremely; very; quite
Mr.; Mrs.; makes a word more polite (usu. in fixed expressions); state; situation
to scheme; to plan; to play a trick; to invent; to conspire; to frame up
gentle; peaceable; amicable; without fuss; simply
to drive away; to turn away; to send away; to repel; to repulse
just cause; good reason; pretext; duty (to one's country, sovereign, etc.)
to suddenly understand (esp. on basis of experience or memory); to come to mind; to recall (in a flash); to be reminded of; to call to mind; to think of
lightly; nimbly; with agility; casually; readily; regularly
tower; steeple; spire; stupa; pagoda; dagoba
beanbag (often seat-shaped); bean bag
end (e.g. of street); tip; beginning; start; odds and ends; scrap
space (room, area, outer space)
tummy; tumtum; bang-bang; pop-pop; without reservation; unreservedly
question sheet; question paper
immediately; at once; soon; before long; easily; readily
to be buried; to be covered; to be hidden
back side; back end; posterior; rear
to approach; to draw near
barely; narrowly; only just; with difficulty
to fall (over, down); to collapse; to be destroyed (in a collapse); to collapse; to be confined to bed (with an illness); to come down with; to die
to use one's influence; to pull strings; to take measures; to make the necessary preparations
to triumph; to be elated with success
to give up; to abandon (hope, plans); to resign oneself (to)
to put back; to return; to vomit; to throw up; to recover (of a market price)
to sink (into); to cave in; to get stuck in
feel (i.e. tactile sensation); touch; feeling; sensation; texture (e.g. food, cloth)
it's not like; it isn't as if
thereabouts; vicinity; that area; that situation; those circumstances
astonishment; amazement; surprise; fright; shock
suddenly; at once; considerably; very much; firmly; with an effort
strength; power; proficiency; ability
modern translation; translation into modern language (of a classical text, e.g. The Tale of Genji)
ancient writing (i.e. Edo-period or older); classical literature; ancient Chinese character (pre-Qin period)
to speak without hesitation or problems; to speak fluently or skillfully; to be talkative; to have a glib tongue
present continuous tense; present progressive form
to flicker; to glimmer; to flit; to fall lightly (snow, rain)
neckline (of dress, etc.)