illustration appearing in the first pages of a publication; frontispiece
text (of a book, document, etc.); body (of a letter); this passage; this sentence
illustration; picture; sketch; drawing; figure
prologue; prolog; Prolog (Programming in Logic)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
hmm; well ...; humph; roughly; harshly; violently
reinforced concrete; ferroconcrete
making; producing; appearance (attire, make-up, etc.); build; physique; sashimi
cheap; inexpensive; calm; peaceful; quiet
apartment building; apartment block; apartment house; apartment
by any standard; (not) even as flattery
indicates word or phrase being defined; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); with; (not) as much as; (not) so much as; the fact that
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
one's house; one's home; one's family
kitchen; financial situation
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
humour; humor; safety; health; in a good mood; in high spirits
singing voice; (sound of) singing
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
enjoyable; fun; pleasant; happy; delightful
seeming; giving the appearance of; giving one the feeling of
to resound; to be heard far away; to reverberate; to shake; to come (home); to remain (with someone)
kitchen knife; carving knife; (arch.) cooking; (arch.) food
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to move; to shift; to inspire; to rouse; to change; to alter; to operate
hand; arm; forepaw; foreleg; handle; hand; worker
to stop; to turn off; to park; to prevent; to suppress (a cough); to stop (someone from doing something); to dissuade
next (to); adjoining; adjacent; house next door; neighbouring house; next-door neighbour
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
there (place relatively near listener); there (place just mentioned); that place; then (of some incident just spoken of); that (of point just raised); (arch.) you
to stand; to rise; to find oneself (e.g. in a difficult position); to depart (on a plane, train, etc.)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
one person; being alone; being by oneself; being single; being unmarried; by oneself
little girl; maiden; young lady; (arch.) female between 17 and 20 years old (ritsuryo period)
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
to come together; to merge; to fit; to match; to be profitable; to be equitable
loose (of clothing); loose-fitting; plenty (of pouring a liquid); sloshing about (e.g. of water in one's stomach)
hooded sweatshirt; hoodie; hoody; hooded jacket; parka; anorak
sleeve; wing (of a stage, desk, gate, etc.)
to turn up; to roll up (e.g. sleeves); to do over and over again; to do relentlessly; to stage a comeback (against) (in mahjong, horse racing, etc.); to come from behind
apron; apron (airport); apron (stage)
wearing (e.g. uniform, seat belt); having on